Ambitious unilateral EU environmental policy has raised concerns about adverse competitiveness implications for … measures to address these concerns in the EU Emission Trading Scheme (EU ETS): border tax adjustments (BTA) and the Clean … policy on energy-intensive and export-oriented industries. The regulatory protection of these industries via subsidies for EU …

This literature review analyses the impacts of the EU ETS on competitiveness focussing on existing simulation studies … the EU ETS are smaller than the impacts of alternative Kyoto-based regulation scenarios. Compared to these other … regulation methods ETSs can have positive competitiveness effects. However, the EU ETS is not designed to boost Europe’s economy …