), allows for causal interpretation of the relationship between innovation output and labor productivity. We find that knowledge …A rich literature links knowledge inputs with innovative outputs. However, most of what is known is restricted to … productivity - hold for knowledge intensive services. Combining the models of Crepon et al. (1998) and of Ackerberg et al. (2015 …

job creation, expansion and innovation activities for up to 40 months after business formation. Using self … innovation and expansion activities. In a next step, we examine three underlying motivational categories that we term opportunity …, career ambition, and necessity. We show that individuals driven by opportunity motives perform better in terms of innovation …

well as growthoriented outcomes such as job creation and innovation. We find statistically significant and economically … stronger when focusing on the growth-oriented outcome of innovation. Furthermore, we observe that generalized self-efficacy is …

and in knowledge-intensive service industries make a larger direct contribution to employment than start-ups affiliated … with other industries. We also find a relatively strong overall effect of new business formation in knowledge …