Purpose: Active product life cycle management contributes to supply chain optimization. However, in nowadays industry the high number of variants and backward loops complicate tracing the entire product lifecycle in an ERP system. Consequently, product lifecycle and corresponding...

Purpose: Industry 4.0 provides significant potentials for companies. Despite the promising opportunities, companies, especially SME, are still hesitant to implement new technologies. The main reasons are far-reaching changes with respect to the socio-technical dimensions causing risks that are...