It is often assumed that international labor migration from Tajikistan, while having no noticeable effects on … the migration decision is developed and tested empirically. In a second step, the effect of low-skilled labor migration on … household expenditure shares is analyzed using 2SLS. While only weak effects of migration measured by a simple dummy are visible …

Temporary and circular migration programs have been devised by many destination countries and supported by the European … additional reason for proposing temporary migration policies based on the characteristics of the foreign labor-effort supply. The … when temporary migration policies are adopted. -- Migration ; Exertion of effort ; Contracted Temporary Migration …

Rural to urban migration is an integral part of the development process, but there is little evidence on how out-migration …) a decrease in the price of non-tradables like prepared food and tea. Seasonal migration subsidies not only generate …

In this paper we document significantly steeper declines in nondurable expenditures in the UK compared to the US, in … ownership and expenses, levels and paths of health status, number of household members, and out-of -pocket medical expenditures …

commodity groups. Consumption is a distributed lag function of expenditures, and the utility function is additively separable in … each commodity group, expected change in expenditures is correlated neither with past expenditure changes on other …

Previous tests of the permanent income hypothesis (PIH) have focused on either nondurables or durables expenditures in …