It is often assumed that international labor migration from Tajikistan, while having no noticeable effects on … the migration decision is developed and tested empirically. In a second step, the effect of low-skilled labor migration on … household expenditure shares is analyzed using 2SLS. While only weak effects of migration measured by a simple dummy are visible …

Temporary and circular migration programs have been devised by many destination countries and supported by the European … additional reason for proposing temporary migration policies based on the characteristics of the foreign labor-effort supply. The … when temporary migration policies are adopted. -- Migration ; Exertion of effort ; Contracted Temporary Migration …

"In this paper we revisit two well-known facts regarding lifecycle expenditures. The first is the familiar "hump …" shaped lifecycle profile of nondurable expenditures. We document that the behavior of total nondurables masks surprising … heterogeneity in the lifecycle profile of individual sub-components. We find, for example, that while food expenditures decline …