affect total expenditures in households headed by low-educated single mothers. However, patterns of expenditure did change … significant changes in expenditures on childcare or learning and enrichment activities. This pattern of results suggests that … welfare reform has shifted family expenditures towards items that facilitate work outside the home, but, at least so far, has …

mobility – the human capital model and the migration model – across traditional and emerging destinations. Our findings suggest … that while the predictions of the migration model are generally valid in explaining student emigration to non …

exhibited greater residential stability: internal migration, non-follow up in the longitudinal data, and predicted return … migration were higher among immigrants at the newer destinations than among immigrants at the traditional destinations …. Predicted return migration was found to be selective on past earnings among men, but not among women. For men, a 10 percentage …