are more likely to enter foreign markets by means of foreign direct investment. We combine detailed proprietary bank …-level data on the international activities of all German banks with publicly available bank micro data from possible destination …

growth known from macroeconomics to identify credit booms and test our model for German bank and bankportfolio level data …

factor. The pull factor captures flows of bank loans to the domestic non-financial private sector. An increase in these flows … less clear-cut. The paper also shows that variations in the flows of bank loans to the non-financial private sector (i …

We analyse the macroeconomic effects of exogenous contractions in bank lending to non-financial corporations in the … to bank loans, such as financing via equity, debt securities, trade credit and lending from non-banks. We investigate … whether these alternative financing sources are complements to or substitutes for bank lending using the joint posterior …

affects bank lending depends on the whether the banks are drawing on official sector liquidity facilities. Third, liquidity … heterogeneity in the balance sheet characteristics that affect banks’ responses to liquidity risk. Overall, bank balance sheet …

restrictive bank loan supply shock has a strong and persistent negative impact on real GDP and the GDP deflator. This result comes … "spare tire" for the reduction in bank loans. We show that this result can be rationalized by a recently revived view of … the act of lending. Consequently, our findings indicate that a substitution of bank loans by other sources of financing …