Transaction costs are a major reason why international trade flows are much smaller than traditional trade theory would … suggest. Trust between trading partners lowers transaction costs and may therefore enhance trade. The empirical analysis of … this paper shows that more trust leads to more trade so that part of the mystery of missing trade can be attributed to the …

How much does a nation spend on resources to 'grease the wheels of trade'? To examine this question the Dutch economy … seventeenth century from successes in long distance trade, shipping and financial innovations. Despite its historical background … remain important, suggesting that face-to-face trade remains an important element of modern transactions. In contrast to the …

of trade. Regression results suggest that import protection makes income distribution worse for countries in labor …

This paper studies the intangible costs of international trade by extending the basic gravity equation with measures of … cultural and institutional distance, and institutional quality. Analyzing a sample of bilateral trade flows between 92 … countries in 1999, we find that institutional distance has a negative effect on bilateral trade, presumably because the …

This paper investigates if trade can help achieve the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal of poverty … eradication using microeconomic and macroeconomic mechanisms and the effects of trade and trade policy on consumer prices … household may be lifted out of or pushed into poverty. The impacts of trade on growth and longer-term consequences of trade …

This paper assesses the interaction of international trade with climate policies, and the influence of trade on the … implementation of SDG 13 (climate change). Although international trade contributes directly to GHG emissions, increased trade can …. Given that emissions are not universally priced, the paper examines where policies related to trade may be misaligned with …

structural change impacts on inequality for a sample of advanced, emerging, and transition economies. Trade liberalization … found that the process of structural change increases income inequality, while trade liberalization and FDI inflows help to …

This paper presents an overview of the trade and policy issues in the United Nations' Millennium Development Goals … the attention they merit, despite their profound consequences on how to use - or not use - trade policies for promoting … development. Following this, it examines the three major phases in the MDG/SDG progress: first, a pro-trade agenda during the …