traits using a school reform carried out at the state level in Germany as a quasi-natural experiment. Starting in 2001 …, academic-track high school (Gymnasium) was reduced from nine to eight years in most of Germany's federal states, leaving the … point to important heterogeneous effects. In addition to differences between East and West Germany, we find that male …

correlations of cognitive skills in Germany are roughly the same or slightly stronger than those found by previous studies for … Germany seem to be considerably higher than the ones found for the U.S.. Hence, skill transmission does not seem to be able to …