. Relying on administrative data on schools and births, we implement a difference-in-differences strategy that exploits …

families that lost a parent, this pattern intensifies when a child loses a parent earlier in life - the education of the …

. In a setting where families choose schools, we identify the causal effect of longer schedules with instrumental variables …, using the local availability of full-day schools as an instrument. We find that lower-income families are more likely to … choose full-day schools, and after controlling for selection, longer school schedules lead to an increase of 0.14 standard …

reform in New York City public middle schools that eliminated suspensions for non-violent, disorderly behavior. Math scores … of students in more-affected schools rose by 0.05 standard deviations over three years relative to other schools. Reading …

development through improving the quality of schools. While we consider the impact for each state of a range of educational …