We evaluate the effects of international outsourcing and labor taxation on wage formation and equilibrium unemployment … reduce equilibrium unemployment of low-skilled workers both in the presence and absence of labor taxation. In the presence of … outsourcing, wage tax, tax exemption and payroll tax have an ambiguous effect on equilibrium unemployment. Increasing the degree …

, profit sharing, and equilibrium unemployment when profit sharing is also a part of a compensation scheme in all industries … sharing. For equilibrium unemployment, we find that if there is also profit sharing in other industries, the effects of … outsourcing and profit sharing on the unemployment rate is ambiguous both in the committed and flexible case. -- Outsourcing …

We evaluate the effects of outsourcing and wage solidarity on wage formation and equilibrium unemployment in a … magnify, and not dampen, this tendency. Further, higher outsourcing will increase equilibrium unemployment among the high … unemployment under the reasonable condition that the proportion of high-skilled workers is sufficiently low. …