As the Fourth Industrial Revolution transforms the conduct of work and enterprises, inequalities and the digital-spatial divide become front and center of conversations that aim to promote online marketplaces and maximize their benefits. This paper takes stock of the development in human...

The report begins by looking at the components of the digital economy in the Philippines to understand its current landscape. These include the physical infrastructure through which data is transmitted, the devices, software and the functionalities that these offer. This description proceeds to...

This Paper identifies certain policy issues in the existing regulatory infrastructure of the Philippines which may prevent digital platforms in the Philippines from innovating and participating in the global digital economy. In brief, these policy issues relate to the incoherence between the...

In January 2020, the Philippines joined the World Trade Organization Joint Statement Initiative on E-commerce which seeks to develop a multilateral agreement on trade-related aspects of e-commerce. This paper explores the costs and benefits of possible trade disciplines, particularly the...

This ex-ante study analyzes the impacts of e-commerce adoption on the performance of women-led MSMEs in Metro Manila, their awareness and perceptions of government efforts towards internationalization, and their readiness to engage in cross-border e-commerce through the Regional Comprehensive...

From trade in goods then trade in services, we now have digital trade. While there is no universally accepted definition, an emerging consensus on the scope of digital trade is that it includes all cross-border resident/non-resident transactions that are either digitally ordered, online platform...