The offshoring of production by multinational firms has expanded dramatically in recent decades, increasing these firms … probability. We also show that a firm's probability of offshoring increases with the share of its employees who are immigrants …

In this paper we survey the recent empirical literature on the effects of offshoring on wage, employment and … displacement. We start with an overview of the measurement of offshoring, organizing our discussion around the three key elements … of offshoring: that it involves intermediate inputs for production (vs. final goods for consumption); that it involves …

outsourcing activities, the increased flow of direct foreign investment and its heterogeneous regional distribution, the increased …