for the United States but also with reference to the wider world. We establish the outlines of international integration a … century ago and analyze the institutional and informational impediments that prevented the late nineteenth century world from … achieving the same degree of integration as today. We conclude that the world today is different: commercial and financial …

Financial globalization was off to a rocky start in emerging economies hit by Sudden Stops since the mid 1990s. Foreign … saving affects foreign assets via three mechanisms: business cycle volatility, financial globalization, and Sudden Stop risk … Irving Fisher's debt-deflation mechanism. Our results show that financial globalization and Sudden Stop risk are plausible …