innovation output as measured by patent applications. We first estimate a long-run cointegration relation using recently … developed tests and panel estimation techniques. We find that the stock of knowledge of a country, its R&D resources and the … stock of international knowledge move together in the long run. Then, imposing this long-run relation across variables we …

knowledge on technological innovation of a country in the short and in the long run. We find that a country's stock of knowledge …In this paper we estimate the dynamic relationship between employment in R&D and generation of knowledge as measured by … technological shocks are an important source of fluctuations. Our empirical strategy is able to test whether knowledge spillovers …

This paper examines Total Factor Productivity (TFP) and knowledge flows, using international patent data. The result is … a measure of technology that isolates sources of innovation and their contributions to domestic TFP. Within …-industry innovation enhances domestic productivity, and domestic between industry innovations are productivity enhancing. However, foreign …