a positive relationship between an individual's potential payoffs in working and in entrepreneurship. If some firms … consequence, the entrepreneurship rate falls with income per capita, average firm size and firm size dispersion increase with … income per capita, and "entrepreneurship out of necessity" falls with income per capita. The paper also documents, for two of …

, socio-economic attributes, and start-up project characteristics that correlate with necessity entrepreneurship …

: the entrepreneurship rate and the fraction of small firms fall with per capita income across countries, while average firm … payoffs in working and in entrepreneurship. If some firms consistently benefit more from technological progress than others …

an individual’s probability of becoming an entrepreneur. Consistent with the theory of underdog entrepreneurship that … entrepreneurship, we find that spending a higher share of household income on energy consumption or being energy poor increases the … entrepreneurship …

"Entrepreneurs out of necessity" identified by the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor survey are a sizeable group across …

household income.Based on individual-level data from the KfW Start-up Monitor, a large-scale survey on entrepreneurship in …

Using the 2017 China Household Finance Survey (CHFS), we estimate the effect of higher education on entrepreneurship … education are less likely to enter entrepreneurship in general, obtaining any qualification beyond the baseline of compulsory …