Trade economists have for long considered gravity models to estimate unexhausted potentials for bilateral trade. Similar to the discrepancy between "normal" and "actual" bilateral trade, one may ask the question about the difference between "normal" and actual bilateral multinational activity....

Geoeconomic concepts are gaining importance in EU trade policy. In this context new trade policy instruments are designed to protect the internal market against unfair trade practices, coercive actions as well as to ensure sustainable supply chains and the protection of human rights. The study...

This study is the first to examine employment effects by gender in Austrian firms and thus provides insight into the role of Austrian firms engaged in foreign trade for women's labour market opportunities and participation in firms. Using a matched employer-employee dataset based on various...