Rapid technological progress is one of the basic processes in the modern world. It is an integral part both in the field of labor and employment and in leisure and recreation. The request for an accelerated implementation of digital technologies in the economy and social sphere, which is...

The quality of an innovative idea and the likelihood that it will lead to a successful new product or service is directly related to the quality of the information that is used to generate the idea and assess its value. Ideas based on a poor understanding of the underlying need or technologies...

Additive manufacturing (AM) is increasingly gaining a presence in the pharmaceutical industry, specifically in the reconfiguration of drug delivery systems wherein new products are being developed for administering pharmaceuticals inside the body, and drug testing systems wherein complex tissues...

Information and communication technologies (ICT), which are transforming most areas, develop non-linearly. Failure to take into account the nonlinear principles of complex dynamic systems hinders the development of balanced innovation strategies. Companies and governments lose the ability to...

We describe how the development of x-ray-based techniques and equipment (“mammography”) lead to widespread screening for breast cancer and enabled “minimally invasive” biopsies of breast tumors. Specifically, we chronicle how: 1) new protocols and equipment catalyzed the first widespread...

We describe how efforts on multiple fronts, including advocacy, training and technological development made ultrasound the second most commonly used diagnostic imaging technology (after X-rays). Specifically, we chronicle: 1) ultrasound's development and introduction in the 1950s and 1960s; 2)...

We describe how Computed Tomography (CT) scanners - that combine x-rays and computers to image soft tissues of the brain and other organs -- have become a widely used diagnostic tool. Specifically, we chronicle the: 1) development of the first CT scanner (through the early-1970s); 2) rapid and...

We describe how a diverse cast of characters including public health organizations, research laboratories, for-profit health care companies, activists and regulators, rolled back the outbreak of HIV/AIDS in just fifteen years. Moreover, as the case history shows, a stunning reduction in deaths...

We describe how Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG, or more popularly, “bypass”) operations revolutionized the treatment of coronary disease (that can produce fatal heart attacks and debilitating angina). Specifically we chronicle the: 1) development of the foundational procedures and...