firms’fixed asset investment, and increases firms’capital-labor ratio and productivity; while enhancement of firms …’ productivity is mainly achieved by means of substituting labor with capital, rather than independent technology innovation …

¡± (Feenstra and Hanson, 1996). It estimates the effects of the off-shoring on labor productivity by panel data model. Our results … show that, the off-shoring is generally positively associated with labor productivity, and service off-shoring has more … greatly contributes to productivity growth, while the positive effect from service off-shoring on labor productivity has …