Whether Europe will be able to stand up to its internal and external challenges crucially depends on its ability to … Europe needs skilled migrants, and skill mismatch is to be expected. A review of current immigration policies shows that … despite a number of positive recent developments Europe lacks a consistent strategy to address this challenge effectively …

received their degree in the years 2000 to 2005 in Europe or the USA. Research productivity is evaluated alternatively as the …

of research in economics. Our findings indicate that Europe is catching up with the US but, in terms of influential …