historically focussed on reducing unemployment (the tip of the iceberg), the group of inactive people (below the waterline) is much … larger. Therefore, we point to the clear limitations of the unemployment rate as the (single) key macro-economic indicator of … the health of the labour market. A parsimonious dashboard approach utilising the unemployment-to-population ratio and the …

lead not only to more unemployment but also to larger numbers of discouraged unemployed and thus more inactivity. It … policy-oriented studies have dealt with the evolution of unemployment in 2020, often country by country, this article focuses … on the evolution of unemployment as well as inactivity across European countries. Indeed, previous crises have typically …

literature. However, to date the focus has been solely on measuring the effect of student employment on later labour market … of student work and we examine for the first time what exactly is being signalled by student employment. We do this by … responsibility, an increased motivation, and more maturity, only student employment in line with a job candidate’s field of study is …

Persistent unemployment across OECD countries has led to increasing investments in activation programmes and, as a …