local students in Shanghai, where local students all go to public schools, but migrant students are endogenously selected … into either public schools or lower-quality private schools. The results suggest large contemporaneous peer effects among … schools to public schools. We show that peer effect can be substantially more important than the school effect in accounting …

middle schools in urban China. The identification of peer effects relies on idiosyncratic variation in the proportion of … migrant students across classes within schools. We find that the proportion of migrant students in each class has a small, and … enrolled in small classes and local students enrolled in lower-ranked schools benefit most in terms of test scores from having …