effects on incumbents are considerably larger than the employment that is directly generated in the start-ups. We draw …We investigate the effects that new business formation has on employment in incumbent firms and compare it to the … development in the start-ups. The analysis is performed for West German regions over the 1984-2002 period. It shows that the …

We analyze different types of effects that new businesses may have on regional employment. We introduce different … measures for employment change by separating employment change in incumbent businesses and employment change in new businesses …. There are pronounced differences between regions with regard to the different employment effects. The average indirect …

We investigate regional differences in the contribution of newly founded businesses to regional employment. This is … labeled the direct employment effect of new businesses. The analysis is at the spatial level of West German planning regions … for the period 1984-2002. We find rather pronounced differences for the direct employment effect across regions …

vary in their pattern of new firm location. In East Germany, only 5 percent of the industries reveal start-up localization … patterns beyond what natural advantages would suggest compared to 40 percent in West Germany. -- Entrepreneurship ; location …

than evaluating a single program, we estimate the impact of R&D subsidies on start-ups’ employment growth and their patent … subsidized and non-subsidized start-ups. We find that R&D subsidies lead to an increase in employment growth of about 66 …The present paper investigates the effectiveness of R&D subsidies given to start-ups. Taking an aggregate view rather …

We investigate the effects that regional start-up activity has on employment in new and in incumbent businesses. The … employment in the incumbents are significantly positive and that this indirect effect on incumbent employment leads to more jobs … driven by start-ups that survive a certain period of time. We draw conclusions for policy and for further research …

Empirical analyses suggest that the employment creating effect of start-ups is highest in regions with a low level of … employment effect. In explaining these results, we assume that the average quality of regional start-ups decreases with the … number of start-ups, while the costs of the induced resource reallocation increase. Our model implies that it is not the …

out both for West Germany - a mature market economy - and for East Germany, which operated under a centrally planned … German start-ups has a favourable effect on these firms' chances to grow rapidly. This effect is attributed to the fact that …. -- Entrepreneurship ; Rapid firm growth ; Strategy ; Management ; West Germany ; East Germany …