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What drives innovation? : lessons from COVID-19 R&D

Agarwal, Ruchir; Gaulé, Patrick - 2021

To examine the drivers of innovation, this paper studies the global R and D effort to fight the deadliest diseases and presents four results. We find: (1) global pharmaceutical R and D activity-measured by clinical trials-typically follows the 'law of diminishing effort': id est the elasticity...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012518690

Foreign Direct Investment and Regional Trade Agreements : The Market Size Effect Revisited

Jaumotte, Florence - 2004

The paper investigates whether the market size of a regional trade agreement (RTA) is a determinant of foreign direct investment (FDI) received by countries participating in the RTA. This hypothesis is tested on a sample of 71 developing countries during the period 1980-99. Evidence is found...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014404154

Trade Policy and Market Structure Interactions in Developing Countries

International Monetary Fund - 1989

This paper shows that the presence of quotas on imported inputs that are based on installed capacity can lead to capacity underutilization in manufacturing industries of developing countries. A replacement of such quotas, by tariffs leads to full capacity utilization under assumptions of both...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014396017

Bank Ownership, Market Structure and Risk

De Nicoló, Gianni - 2007

, the positive and significant relationship between bank concentration and bank risk of failure found in Boyd, De Nicolò and …

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014400121

On the first-round effects of international food price shocks : the role of the asset market structure

Portillo, Rafael; Zanna, Luis-Felipe - 2015

We develop a tractable small open-economy model to study the first-round effects of international food price shocks in developing countries. We define first-round effects as changes in headline inflation that, holding core inflation constant, help implement relative price adjustments. The model...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011281891

Measuring concentration risk : a partial portfolio approach

Grippa, Pierpaolo; Gornicka, Lucyna - 2016

Concentration risk is an important feature of many banking sectors, especially in emerging and small economies. Under … the Basel Framework, Pillar 1 capital requirements for credit risk do not cover concentration risk, and those calculated … asymptotic results, to calculate capital requirements for name and sector concentration risk in banks' portfolios. The proposed …

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011715110

Remittance concentration and volatility : evidence from 72 developing countries

Hosny, Amr - 2020

This paper contributes to the literature by introducing the role of geographic concentration of the source of … (ii) the geographic concentration of the source of remittances on economic volatilities. Results suggest that while (i …) large remittances can be stabilizing on average, (ii) high remittance concentration from source countries can aggravate …

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012252729

Estimating the employment and GDP multiplier of emergency cash transfers in Brazil

Cunha, Daniel; Pereira, Joana; Perrelli, Roberto; … - 2022

We estimate the subnational employment and GDP multiplier of Brazil's 2020 federal cash transfers to vulnerable households. Using two-stage least squares regressions we estimate a formal employment multiplier and then apply an analytical transformation to recover an implied GDP multiplier in the...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013169975

The short-term impact of COVID-19 on labor markets, poverty and inequality in Brazil

Al Masri, Diala; Flamini, Valentina; Toscani, Frederik - 2021

We document the short-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Brazilian labor market focusing on employment, wages and hours worked using the nationally representative household surveys PNAD-Continua and PNAD COVID. Sectors most susceptible to the shock because they are more...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012518867

Social programs and formal employment : evidence from the Brazilian Bolsa Família Program

Fruttero, Anna; Leichsenring, Alexandre Ribeiro; Paiva, … - 2020

Employment is key to combating poverty. Thus, detractors of social assistance programs argue that they create disincentives to work. While there is substantial evidence showing limited effects of these programs on overall labor supply, the jury is still out with respect to their impact on formal...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012252007