In 1937, in the midst of the US recovery from the Great Depression, President Roosevelt implemented spending cuts in pursuit of a balanced budget. Subsequently, the unemployment rate jumped nearly 6 percentage points over the next year and the US economy re-entered a major recession. In the...

Sustainable development at both the national and the global level is increasingly acknowledged to be dependent upon the international trade system. The WTO Agreements and the continuing discussion in the WTO Committee on Trade and Environment are therefore examined here in the light of...

Since the seventies the existing order of international economic relations has been exposed to ever stronger pressures. Access to foreign markets must once again be regarded as a scarce commodity, since the far-reaching removal of tariff barriers has been more than compensated for by non-tariff...

This paper discusses how financial stability governance has evolved and how central banks and financial regulators are coping with the threats posed by climate uncertainty, providing an overview of G20 countries' green central banking experiences in the past 20 years. The analysis shows that...