The merger of the two German states brings together countries with divergent economic systems, different trade orientations and a rift in terms of wealth. Transforming the East German system into a social market economy raises enormous internal and external adjustment problems in a period in...

The isolation of national telecommunications markets in the past has meant that pronounced differences remain among the R&D systems operating in the countries of the European Community. The intended opening up of public procurement markets by the end of 1992 could therefore lead to substantial...

For a number of European countries the presence of a more or less large number of foreign workers and their families is a fact to which they will have to adjust. As a rule, the longer the length of their stay, the less probable it becomes that these workers will return to their country of...

The European Common Market has opened up a new chapter in the economic life of the Hanseatic City. Initial reservations and scepticism have long ago given way to the realisation that Hamburg’s foreign trade has profited from the dynamic effects of integration.