understood. Yet, there is little evidence comparing the effectiveness of these instruments, especially when considering water … resource management. We exploit a rich panel of residential water consumption to examine heterogeneous responses to both price … to reduce consumption among households who generally are large consumers of water. However, prescriptive policies such as …

emissions, air and water quality impacts of untreated waste (industrial and human waste), congestion effects of traffic, soil …

century. First, air and water pollution have declined substantially, although greenhouse gas emissions have not. Second …, environmental policy explains a large share of these trends. Third, much of the regulation of air and drinking water pollution has … benefits that exceed costs, although the evidence for surface water pollution regulation is less clear. Fourth, while the …