government risk facing investors in medical innovation. This risk slows down medical innovation because investors must be …&D investors to better share the pipeline risk associated with FDA approval with broader capital markets. Using historical FDA … from offering them. Using various unique data sources, we find that FDA approval risk has a low correlation across drug …

We propose several econometric measures of systemic risk to capture the interconnectedness among the monthly returns of … find that all four sectors have become highly interrelated over the past decade, increasing the level of systemic risk in … of market dislocation, and systemic risk arises from a complex and dynamic network of relationships among hedge funds …

We examine the implications of portfolio theory for the cross-sectional behavior of equity trading volume. Two …