the form of residential sorting, can lead to non-random assignment of pollution, economists have employed a wide range of … quasi-experimental techniques to develop causal estimates of the effect of pollution. Second, economic research has placed a … biological and behavioral effects of pollution and for proper welfare calculations. Lastly, economic research has expanded the …

A pervasive problem in the literature on the health costs of pollution is that optimizing individuals may compensate … for increases in pollution by reducing their exposure to protect their health. This implies that estimates of the health … effects of pollution may vastly understate the full welfare effects of pollution, particularly for individuals most at risk …