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Crisis Innovation Policy from World War II to COVID-19

Gross, Daniel P.; Sampat, Bhaven N. - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2021

Innovation policy can be a crucial component of governments' responses to crises. Because speed is a paramount … objective, crisis innovation may also require different policy tools than innovation policy in non-crisis times, raising … distinct questions and tradeoffs. In this paper, we survey the U.S. policy response to two crises where innovation was crucial …

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012585399

Expected Profits and The Scientific Novelty of Innovation

Dranove, David - 2020

Innovation policy involves trading off monopoly output and pricing in the short run in exchange for incentives for …

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012481677

The Economics of Crisis Innovation Policy : A Historical Perspective

Gross, Daniel P.; Sampat, Bhaven N. - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2021

-produced penicillin, antimalarials, and a flu vaccine. We draw on this episode to discuss the economics of crisis innovation. Since the …

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012482553

Science as a Public Good : Public Use and Funding of Science

Yin, Yian; Dong, Yuxiao; Wang, Kuansan; Wang, Dashun; … - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2021

Knowledge of how science is consumed in public domains is essential for a deeper understanding of the role of science in human society. While science is heavily supported by public funding, common depictions suggest that scientific research remains an isolated or 'ivory tower' activity, with...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012510627

Inventing the Endless Frontier : The Effects of the World War II Research Effort on Post-war Innovation

Gross, Daniel P. - 2020

During World War II, the U.S. government launched an unprecedented effort to mobilize science for war: the newly-established Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD) entered thousands of R&D contracts with industrial and academic contractors, spending one to two orders of magnitude...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012481570

Procuring Knowledge

Maurer, Stephen M. - 2003

There is growing public interest in alternatives to intellectual property including, but not limited to, prizes and government grants. We argue that there is no single best mechanism for supporting research. Rather, mechanisms can only be compared within specific creative environments. We...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012468794

European Technology Policy

Eaton, Jonathan - 1998

European countries do less research than Japan and the United States. We use a quantitative multi-country growth model to ask: (i) Why is this so? (ii) Would there be any benefit to expanding research in Europe? (iii) What would various European research promotion policies do? We find that (i)...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012471984

Bias against Novelty in Science : A Cautionary Tale for Users of Bibliometric Indicators

Wang, Jian - 2016

Research which explores unchartered waters has a high potential for major impact but also carries a higher uncertainty of having impact. Such explorative research is often described as taking a novel approach. This study examines the complex relationship between pursuing a novel approach and...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012456495

Innovation and Human Capital Policy

Van Reenen, John - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2021

If innovation is to be subsidized, a natural place to start is to increase the quantity and quality of human capital …. Innovation, after all, begins with people. Simply stimulating the "demand side" through R&D subsidies and tax breaks may only … can both directly increase innovation and reduce its cost. This paper examines the evidence on human capital policies for …

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012510591

Innovation : Market Failures and Public Policies

Bryan, Kevin A.; Williams, Heidi - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2021

state of the literature on the economics of innovation and highlight open policy questions. We first articulate the key … market failures in markets for innovation, and then discuss how both scientific norms and market-oriented policies help … between innovation and inequality …

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012616621