Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) and increase its resilience, inter alia, by speeding up economic convergence. The impact of … transfers in real and business cycle convergence at a regional level. The paper distinguishes between net fiscal transfers – a … provides evidence that net fiscal transfers have contributed to income redistribution across regions and to faster convergence …

that of higher-income economies since the start of monetary union. The significant real convergence performance of some of … view" and reviewing the evidence since the 1960s, this paper shows that certain member countries began to face a "non-convergence … driving real convergence in the euro area over time, alongside other factors; and (ii) the crucial interaction of real …

convergence across countries. Finally, the effect of NGEU on euro area inflation over the medium term is deemed to be contained to …