This study yields a contribution to a better understanding of the interest rate sensitivity of real estate and should enable a more sophisticated interest rate risk management, especially for insurance companies and pension funds. This is achieved by modelling the whole life of a typical but...

We use BERT, an AI-based algorithm for language understanding, to decipher regulatory climate-risk disclosures and measure their impact on the credit default swap (CDS) market. Risk disclosures can either increase or decrease credit spreads, depending on whether disclosure reveals new risks or...