In insurance rate-making, the use of statistical machine learning techniques such as artificial neural networks (ANN) is an emerging approach, and many insurance companies have been using them for pricing. However, due to the complexity of model specification and its implementation, model...

While a lot of research concentrates on the respective merits of VaR and TCE, which are the two most classic risk indicators used by financial institutions, little has been written on the equivalence between such indicators. Further, TCE, despite its merits, may not be the most accurate...

Several governments use the Credit Guarantee Schemes to ease SMEs' access to funding and support their growth and survival. This paper suggests a lending guarantee technology based on risk sharing through a de facto shareholding agreement to cover potential losses and reduce the premature...