Wavelet power spectrum (WPS) and wavelet coherence analyses (WCA) are used to examine the co-movements among oil prices, green bonds, and CO2 emissions on daily data from January 2014 to October 2022. The WPS results show that oil returns exhibit significant volatility at low and medium...

Banks are exposed to climate risks through stranded assets. This risk can be substantial in the banking sector, as it can spawn systemic risk. After the Great Recession, macro-prudential instruments effectively addressed systemic risk. However, climatic risks raise the research question of how...

Carbon risk, a type of climate risk, is expected to have a crucial impact, especially on high-carbon-emitting, "polluting" firms as opposed to less carbon-intensive, "clean" ones. With a rising number of actions and policies being continuously proposed to mitigate these concerns and an...