In insurance rate-making, the use of statistical machine learning techniques such as artificial neural networks (ANN) is an emerging approach, and many insurance companies have been using them for pricing. However, due to the complexity of model specification and its implementation, model...

While a lot of research concentrates on the respective merits of VaR and TCE, which are the two most classic risk indicators used by financial institutions, little has been written on the equivalence between such indicators. Further, TCE, despite its merits, may not be the most accurate...

Several governments use the Credit Guarantee Schemes to ease SMEs' access to funding and support their growth and survival. This paper suggests a lending guarantee technology based on risk sharing through a de facto shareholding agreement to cover potential losses and reduce the premature...

We discuss when and why custom multi-factor risk models are warranted and give source code for computing some risk factors. Pension/mutual funds do not require customization but standardization. However, using standardized risk models in quant trading with much shorter holding horizons is...

The concept of best-estimate, prescribed by regulators to value insurance liabilities for accounting and solvency purposes, has recently been discussed extensively in the industry and related academic literature. To differentiate hedgeable and non-hedgeable risks in a general case, recent...

We consider a discrete-time dependent Sparre Andersen risk model which incorporates multiple threshold levels characterizing an insurer's minimal capital requirement, dividend paying situations, and external financial activities. We focus on the development of a recursive computational procedure...

Traditional participating life insurance contracts with year-to-year (cliquet-style) guarantees have come under pressure in the current situation of low interest rates and volatile capital markets, in particular when priced in a market-consistent valuation framework. In addition, such guarantees...

We analyse the ruin probabilities for a renewal insurance risk process with inter-arrival times depending on the claims that arrive within a fixed (past) time window. This dependence could be explained through a regenerative structure. The main inspiration of the model comes from the bonus-malus...

We study risk-minimization for a large class of insurance contracts. Given that the individual progress in time of visiting an insurance policy's states follows an F-doubly stochastic Markov chain, we describe different state-dependent types of insurance benefits. These cover single payments at...

In order to protect stakeholders of insurance companies and financial institutions against adverse outcomes of risky businesses, regulators and senior management use capital allocation techniques. For enterprise-wide risk management, it has become important to calculate the contribution of each...