Poverty – differently defined and measured – still remains one the crucial parts of the world development debate. It … an specific approach to poverty issues, treating low incomes as consequence – not a cause – of poverty. The main target … of the work is twofold. Firstly we aim to develop a new complex measure of relative poverty to set the most recent …

oligarchs and foreign companies and agencies, while poverty and inequality grew to record levels. This paper shows the intense …

bimodality disappeared in subsequent years. Inequality and poverty decreased in accordance with a three-phase pattern over the … period. Whether clones are scaled to GDP or HFCE matters when evaluating inequality and poverty levels, but not when …