linking this to productivity, which turns out to be important. The paper also provides an example of modeling productivity …

productivity growth in semi-industrialized economies. These effects are hypothesized to operate through the negative impact of firm … raise productivity in defense of profits, contributing to a low wage-low productivity trap. This paper presents empirical … link between increased firm mobility and lower wages, as well as slower productivity growth over the period 1970-2000. …

or sector, it is their productivity advantage on the local firm to determine the positive effect on domestic productivity … significant and robust Veblen-Gerschenkrion effect. The initial total factor productivity advantage of MNEs on local firm acts as … a stimulus for productivity growth of local firms in the same region. …