pollution becomes negative in the long run. This, of course, is a highly implausible prediction. The paper at hand examines the … problem of negative pollution by, first, critically discussing two approaches adopted in existing EKC models and, second, by … theoretical problem of negative pollution, but also does well regarding the empirical plausibility of the abatement technology. …

Production often causes pollution as a by-product. Once environmental degradation becomes too severe, regulation is …-improvements. The model gives an explanation for the inverted U-shaped pollution-income relation found in empirical research for many …