analysis. These findings show that European Commission interventions are competition enhancing and support the expected …

to initiate adequate investment incentives. Using a two-equation estimation approach, a direct competition effect (more … service competition increases the supply of infrastructure) can be disentangled from an indirect effect (more service … competition increases the demand for infrastructure quality and, as a consequence, increases the supply of infrastructure). While …

national implementation. While the Second Regulatory Package balanced competition and investment aims, the new Regulatory … ; local loop competition ; regulatory independence …

. Academics and competition authorities support this goal with guidance for the calculation of cartel damages. However, they … usually neglect that the prosecution of competition law infringements can be very time-consuming, so that it often takes … legal systems treat interest and inflation as part of competition law actions for damages, and, using real-world data from …