The analysis is about the compulsory German unemployment insurance system (GUIS). It is known that GUIS did nothing to … prevent the continuous rise of the rate of unemployment since the 1970s. The empirical literature about GUIS indicates that … literature on reforming the system of unemployment insurance has arisen, most of it aiming at marginal reforms only. It turns out …

, short tenures and differences in employment structures. Furthermore, among refugees and other migrants, unemployment has … employment reductions and short-time work during the first lockdown. Refugees were also only able to perform their jobs at home … to a very limited extent. Important causes of these negative labor market effects are temporary employment contracts …