measures of long-term hardship by race and gender, education, and age. In addition to the conventional long-term unemployment … Bureau of Labor Statistic’s “U-6” alternative unemployment rate, which adds “discouraged” workers, the “marginally attached …,” and workers who are “part-time for economic reasons” to the official unemployment rate. …

The official concept of “long-term unemployment,” while useful, is incomplete and, in some cases, even potentially …-term unemployment in two ways. First, we encourage shifting from a narrow focus on long-term unemployment toward a broader concept of …-term unemployment – including “discouraged” and “marginally attached” workers and those involuntarily working part-time jobs – face long …