discretionary behavior of regulatory agencies. Whereas the conse-quences of effective regulation in principle are known and accepted …; its major elements being the restriction of regulation to monopolistic bottlenecks and a disaggregated appli-cation of …

model of regulatory agencies based on the positive theory of regulation are presented. Regulatory risk with regard to the …

-out sector-specific regulation of electronic communications. Eleven of the eighteen markets are no longer regarded as needing to … be subject to sector-specific ex ante regulation. Although the important role of active and potential competition in … Recommendation 2003/311/EC have not yet been implemented. As a consequence, the relevance of regulation in the remaining seven …

grandfathering rights, ex ante regulation of network-specific market power instead of negotiated unregulated network access …, incentive regulation instead of cost-based regulation. The process towards sector-symmetric market power regulation based on …