The evaluation of economic development level is commonly measured by the growth rate of GDP. However, this single-dimensional measurement may cause potential issue to investigate sustainable economic development and growth model. An alternative framework is introduced to economic development...

The pattern of development of the economies of Europe and the world in recent decades is a focus on sustainable development. In accordance with the declaration of the United Nations Conference of 1992, sustainable development is defined as "equitable meeting the needs of present and future...