Throughout the history of the European Union quite a few cases of transformation of typical emigration countries into countries of both emigration and immigration have been noted. This regards Italy (end of 60s/beginning of 70s), Ireland (end of 80s/beginning of 90s), Greece (in the 80s) and...

This paper describes the main features of a model developed for fore-casting economic developments, energy demand and greenhouse gas emissions in the EU area and Finland as well as for simulating the economic impacts of EU climate policy. Climate policy analysis necessitates a model of the whole...