We analyse the international transmission of interest rates by focusing on the role of the accumulation of international reserves and on the financing of sovereign debt. An increase in foreign exchange reserves is expected to moderate the influence of U.S. interest rates. However, a high level...

Using a panel data set of the 28 EU countries from 1970 to 2015, we study the nature of monetary and fiscal policies of both respective authorities and assess how economic and institutional events influence each authority's reaction functions. Our results show that, for the all period under...

The German economy is picking up speed again. After the resurgence of the Covid-19 pandemic had interrupted the economic recovery in the winter half-year, GDP will expand at a fast pace in the further course of the year and exceed its pre-crisis level again. With the removal of the...

A number of factors that contributed to the weakening of the global economy in the past year have recently improved significantly. Energy prices have reversed, the prospects for a steady expansion in China have improved with the abandonment of the zero-Covid policy, and supply bottlenecks have...

In the third quarter of 2020, the global economy rebounded strongly from the steep fall in output suffered in the first half of the year amid the covid-19 pandemic. Currently, the recovery is being slowed down by another wave of infections and policy measures to contain it, but on aggregate...