Haavelmo's seminal 1943 paper is the first rigorous treatment of causality. In it, he distinguished the definition of causal parameters from their identification. He showed that causal parameters are de fined using hypothetical models that assign variation to some of the inputs determining...

For a broad class of nonlinear regression models we investigate the locally E- and c-optimal design problem. It is demonstrated that in many cases the optimal designs with respect to these optimality criteria are supported at the Chebyshev points, which are the local extrema of the...

In the Michaelis-Menten model we determine efficient designs by maximizing a minimum of standardized E-efficiencies. It is shown that in many cases the optimal designs are supported at only two points and the support points and corresponding weights can be characterized explicitly. Moreover, a...

For the Michaelis-Menten model we determine designs which maximize the minimum of the D-efficiencies over a certain interval for the non-linear parameter. The best two point designs can be found explicitly and a characterization is given, when these designs are optimal within the class of all...