When the longest-serving African dictator, Togo's Gnassingbé Eyadéma, died unexpectedly in February 2005 after 38 years … of autocratic rule, Togo became a test case for indigenous democratisation efforts of African states. However, it soon … democratic forces of Togo at the time of the execution of fair and free elections. Afterwards a long-term reconstruction …

. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ZUSAMMENFASSUNG : Es ist eine "demokratische Rezession" zu beobachten, die sich nicht nur auf Afrika südlich der Sahara beschränkt … afrikanischer soziale Bewegungen, die sich erfolgreich für eine demokratische Renaissance in Afrika und anderswo einsetzen …

international community, notably Togo’s African peers, the AU and ECOWAS, followed a ‘laissez-faire’ approach in the interests of … regional stability and their national interests in dealing with Togo. Economic growth remained stable at about 5% per annum …-faire" -Ansatz im Interesse der regionalen Stabilität und ihrer nationalen Interessen im Umgang mit Togo. Das Wirtschaftswachstum …

regimes’ propensity to change towards democratization and economic prosperity. They took Togo as model to test their approach … basic data deficiencies. It is open to question, whether Togo’s expected economic consolidation and growth will be due to …Résumé: Togo: transition épineux et l'aide erronée sont les racines de la misère économique: Les élections législatives …

international community, notably Togo’s African peers, the AU and ECOWAS, followed a ‘laissez-faire’ approach in the interests of … regional stability and their national interests in dealing with Togo. Economic growth remained stable at about 5% per annum … ses homologues africains du Togo, l’UA et la CEDEAO, a adopté une approche de «laisser-faire» dans l’intérêt de la …

services. The outbreak of the Corona epidemic in Togo in April and the subsequent economic recession may have contributed to …, democracy remains far from complete. However, the international community, notably Togo’s African peers, the AU and ECOWAS …, followed a ‘laissez-faire’ approach in the interests of regional stability and their national interests in dealing with Togo …

regimes' propensity to change towards democratization and economic prosperity. They took Togo as model to test their approach … basic data deficiencies. It is open to question, whether Togo's expected economic consolidation and growth will be due to …