We present evidence that farmers adjust agricultural inputs in response to within-season temperature variation, undertaking defensive investments to reduce the adverse agroecological impacts of warmer temperatures. Using panel data from Kenyan maize growing households, we find that higher...

To develop soil fertility techniques that respond to farmers’ actual concerns, researchers and agricultural development practitioners in developing countries need to identify how farmers in those regions form perceptions on soil quality and crop response to inputs. Using survey and farm soils...