Barua, Rashmi; Vidal-Fernández, Marian - Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) - 2012
Do negative incentives or sticks in education improve student outcomes? Since the late 1980s, several U.S. states have introduced No Pass No Drive (NPND) laws that set minimum academic requirements for teenagers to obtain driving licenses. Using data from the American Community Survey (ACS) and...