provide our own estimates for the EU countries. A fiscal expansion raises output and consumption and reduces the trade balance … open EU economies, consistent with larger leakage effects. Further direct estimates suggest that fiscal expansions in large … EU economies have non-negligible consequences for economic activity in the main trading partners. This provides a …

Union (EU) for the period 1994-2001 in order to analyse whether the individual economic returns to education vary between …

considered. The study also reveals important differences among EU countries in the factors which determine regional migration. …